Systematic comparison and reconstruction of sea urchin (Echinoidea) internal anatomy: a novel approach using magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUNDTraditional comparative morphological analyses and subsequent three-dimensional reconstructions undergo from a quantity of drawbacks. This is especially evident within the case of mushy tissue research which can be technically demanding, time-consuming, and typically inclined to supply artefacts.

These issues can partly be overcome by using non-invasive, destruction-free imaging strategies, specifically micro-computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.RESULTSHere, we employed high-field magnetic resonance imaging strategies to collect quite a few information from members of a main marine invertebrate taxon, the sea urchins (Echinoidea).

For this mannequin examine, 13 of the 14 at the moment acknowledged high-ranking subtaxa (orders) of this group of animals have been analyzed. Based on the acquired datasets, interactive three-dimensional fashions have been assembled. Our analyses reveal that chosen mushy tissue characters may even be used for phylogenetic inferences in sea urchins, as exemplified by variations within the dimension and form of the gastric caecum discovered within the Irregularia.

CONCLUSIONSThe important focus of our investigation was to discover the likelihood to systematically visualize the internal anatomy of echinoids obtained from numerous museum collections.

We present that, in distinction to classical preparative procedures, magnetic resonance imaging may give fast, destruction-free entry to morphological information from quite a few specimens, thus extending the vary of strategies obtainable for comparative research of invertebrate morphology.

Direct Bilirubin Assay Kit
abx098425-Hitachi7060R190ml2R245ml1	Abbexa	Hitachi 7060; R1: 90ml×2 R2: 45ml×1	EUR 266.4

Direct Bilirubin Assay Kit
abx098425-Toshiba120R150ml4R250ml1	Abbexa	Toshiba 120; R1: 50ml×4 R2: 50ml×1	EUR 266.4

Direct Bilirubin Assay Kit
abx098425-UniversalR160ml2R230ml1	Abbexa	Universal; R1: 60ml×2 R2: 30ml×1	EUR 284.4

Direct PCRKits for Blood
FYT302-100P	Yeastern Biotech	100 Preps	Ask for price

Direct PCRKits for Plant
FYT303-100P	Yeastern Biotech	100 Preps	Ask for price

Direct Mouse Genotyping Kit
K1025-200	ApexBio	200 rxns	EUR 142.8

Direct Mouse Genotyping Kit
K1025-500	ApexBio	500 rxns	EUR 226.8

Plant Direct PCR Kit
PD105-01	Vazyme	50 rxn (50 μl/rxn)	EUR 202.8

Plant Direct PCR Kit
PD105-02	Vazyme	200 rxn (50 μl/rxn)	EUR 424.8

Direct PCR Complete Kit
S700	GeneOn	100 rcs	EUR 159.6

Direct PCR Complete Kit
S700-2	GeneOn	5x100 rcs	EUR 628.8

Bilirubin Antigen (Direct Conjugated)
VAng-Cr3866-25mg	Creative Biolabs	25 mg	EUR 604.8
Description: Bilirubin Antigen (Direct Conjugated), Host/Source: Synthesized. The purity is>90% direct reacting bilirubin.

Ecl Direct Nucleic Acid
RPN3000	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 946.2

Ecl Direct Nucleic Acid
RPN3001	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 1601.7

Ecl Direct Nucleic Acid
RPN3005	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 702.24

Alkphos Direct Labelling Reagents
RPN3680	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 686.28

Alkphos Direct Hybridisation Buffer
RPN3688	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 649.8

Milli-Q½ Direct 8
ZR0Q00800	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 8797.38

Milli-Q½ Direct 16
ZR0Q01600	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 10864.2

Direct-Q½ 3 Remote
ZRQS0R300	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 5513.04

Direct-Q½ 3 UV
ZRQSVP300	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 5340.9

Direct-Q½ 5 UV
ZRQSVP500	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 5673.78

Direct-Q½ 8 UV
ZRQSVP800	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 5788.92

ANA IgG Screening ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7016	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Brucella IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7021	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Brucella IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7022	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Cardiolipin IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7024	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Cardiolipin IgA ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7025	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Cardiolipin IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7026	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Mumps IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7073	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Mumps IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7074	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Rubella IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7082	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Rubella IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7083	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Toxoplasma IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7099	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Toxoplasma IgA ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7100	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Toxoplasma IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7101	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

amfiSure Direct PCR Lysis Buffer
D0300-010	GenDepot	100ml	EUR 165.6

cAMP Direct Immunoassay Kit (Colorimetric)
K371-100	Biovision		EUR 614.4

cGMP Direct Immunoassay Kit (Colorimetric)
K372-100	Biovision		EUR 614.4

cAMP Direct Immunoassay Kit (Colorimetric)
K2044-100	ApexBio	100 assays	EUR 634.8

cGMP Direct Immunoassay Kit (Colorimetric)
K2066-100	ApexBio	100 assays	EUR 634.8

Direct Red 80 (C.I. 35780)
GT1078-100G	Glentham Life Sciences	100 g	EUR 217.2

Direct Red 80 (C.I. 35780)
GT1078-25G	Glentham Life Sciences	25 g	EUR 93.6

Direct Red 80 (C.I. 35780)
GT1078-5G	Glentham Life Sciences	5 g	EUR 55.2

Direct Blue 199 (C.I. 74190)
GT1468-100G	Glentham Life Sciences	100 g	EUR 237.6

Direct Blue 199 (C.I. 74190)
GT1468-10G	Glentham Life Sciences	10 g	EUR 74.4

Direct Blue 199 (C.I. 74190)
GT1468-25G	Glentham Life Sciences	25 g	EUR 103.2

Direct Yellow 50 (C.I. 29025)
GT5274-100G	Glentham Life Sciences	100 g	EUR 144

Direct Yellow 50 (C.I. 29025)
GT5274-25G	Glentham Life Sciences	25 g	EUR 79.2

Blood Direct PCR Kit V2
PD103-01	Vazyme	50 rxn	EUR 202.8

Blood Direct PCR Kit V2
PD103-02	Vazyme	200 rxn	EUR 424.8

Epizen DNA Methylation-Direct Kit
Z4001-050	GenDepot	50 Rxns	EUR 513.6

Epizen DNA Methylation-Direct Kit
Z4001-200	GenDepot	4x50 rxns	EUR 1243.2

Portwest Direct vent Goggle PW20
SAF1586	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 2.39

Direct-Q½ 3 UV Remote
ZRQSVR300	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 6144.6

Direct-Q½ 5 UV Remote
ZRQSVR500	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 6535.62

Direct-Q½ 8 UV Remote
ZRQSVR800	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 6661.02

Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7032	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7033	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Chromogranin A (CgA) ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7034	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 825.6

Human Chlamydia Pneumoniae IgA ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7036	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Chlamydia Pneumoniae IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7037	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Chlamydia Pneumoniae IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7038	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Chlamydia Trachomatis IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7041	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Chlamydia Trachomatis IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7042	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Chlamydia Trachomatis IgA ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7043	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Dengue Virus IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7045	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Dengue Virus IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7046	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human HSV-1 IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7058	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human HSV-1 IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7059	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human HSV-2 IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7060	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human HSV-2 IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7061	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Mycoplasma Pneumoniae IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7071	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Mycoplasma Pneumoniae IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7072	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Measles (Rubeola) IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7075	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Measles (Rubeola) IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7076	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Mitochondrial Antibody (MA) ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7077	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human SSA Autoantibody IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7085	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human SSB Autoantibody IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7086	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Sm Autoantibody IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7088	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Salmonella Typhi IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7089	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Salmonella Typhi IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7090	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Thyroglobulin (TG) IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7091	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Treponema Pallidum IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7095	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Treponema Pallidum IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7096	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Mouse Direct PCR Kit (For Genotyping)
B40013	Bimake	200 ractions	EUR 250.8
Description: The Mouse Direct PCR Kit provides a fast preparation and PCR amplIFication that is specIFically designed for mouse genotyping. Buffer L and Protease Plus rapidly digests mouse tissue to release intact genomic DNA that can be used directly as the template for PCR amplIFication.

Mouse Direct PCR Kit (For Genotyping)
B40015	Bimake	500 ractions	EUR 490.8
Description: The Mouse Direct PCR Kit provides a fast preparation and PCR amplIFication that is specIFically designed for mouse genotyping. Buffer L and Protease Plus rapidly digests mouse tissue to release intact genomic DNA that can be used directly as the template for PCR amplIFication.

Mouse Direct PCR Kit (For Genotyping)
B45012	Bimake	1ml*5 (500 ractions)	EUR 336
Description: The Mouse Direct PCR Kit provides a fast preparation and PCR amplIFication that is specIFically designed for mouse genotyping. Buffer L and Protease Plus rapidly digests mouse tissue to release intact genomic DNA that can be used directly as the template for PCR amplIFication.

Mouse Direct PCR Kit (For Genotyping)
B45013	Bimake	1ml*20 (2000 ractions)	EUR 1038
Description: The Mouse Direct PCR Kit provides a fast preparation and PCR amplIFication that is specIFically designed for mouse genotyping. Buffer L and Protease Plus rapidly digests mouse tissue to release intact genomic DNA that can be used directly as the template for PCR amplIFication.

EZCell? Direct Glucose Uptake Assay Kit
K924-50	Biovision		EUR 888

Anthrax Protective Antigen IgG Screening ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7017	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 1104

Human RNP Sm Autoantibody IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7084	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Scl-70 Autoantibody IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7087	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7094	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Double Stranded DNA (dsDNA) IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7044	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Helicobacter pylori IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA) (H. pylori)
EK7064	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Helicobacter pylori IgA ELISA Kit (Direct EIA) (H. pylori)
EK7065	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Helicobacter pylori IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA) (H. pylori)
EK7066	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human VZV (Varicella zoster virus) IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7103	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human VZV (Varicella zoster virus) IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7104	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

FastAmp Plant Direct PCR Kit - 1250 Reactions
4615	Intact Genomics	1/EA	EUR 621.6

Direct Cyclic GMP EIA Kit (One Plate)
K065-H1	Arbor Assays	1x96 well plate	EUR 442.8

Direct Cyclic GMP EIA Kit (Five Plate)
K065-H5	Arbor Assays	5x96 well plate	EUR 1551.6

Direct RT-PCR Kit wioRealStart DNA Polymerase
FYT507-100P	Yeastern Biotech	100 Preps	Ask for price

Direct RT-PCR Kit wioRealStart DNA Polymerase
FYT507-50P	Yeastern Biotech	50 Preps	Ask for price

Cyclic GMP Direct Chemiluminescent kit (One Plate)
K020-C1	Arbor Assays	1x96 well plate	EUR 510

Cyclic GMP Direct Chemiluminescent kit (Five Plate)
K020-C5	Arbor Assays	5x96 well plate	EUR 1916.4

Cyclic GMP Direct EIA kit (One Plate)
K020-H1	Arbor Assays	1x96 well plate	EUR 454.8

Cyclic GMP Direct EIA kit (Five Plate)
K020-H5	Arbor Assays	5x96 well plate	EUR 1642.8

Cyclic AMP Direct EIA Kit (One Plate)
K019-H1	Arbor Assays	1x96 well plate	EUR 442.8

Cyclic AMP Direct EIA Kit (Five Plate)
K019-H5	Arbor Assays	5x96 well plate	EUR 1551.6

Bilirubin (Total and Direct) Colorimetric Assay Kit
K553-100	Biovision		EUR 639.6

Esco Direct Mounted Single Electrical DOutlet D
CAB7132	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	EUR 114

Human Cardiolipin Total Ab (IgG, IgM, IgA) ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7027	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Allele-In-One Human Blood Direct Lysis Buffer
ABP-PP-BD01100	Allele Biotech	100 RXNS	Ask for price

Allele-In-One Human Blood Direct Lysis Buffer
ABP-PP-BD01500	Allele Biotech	500 RXNS	Ask for price

Allele-In-One Human Blood Direct PCR Kit
ABP-PP-BD02100	Allele Biotech	100 RXNS	Ask for price

Allele-In-One Human Blood Direct PCR Kit
ABP-PP-BD02500	Allele Biotech	500 RXNS	Ask for price

Allele-In-One Mouse Tail Direct Lysis Buffer
ABP-PP-MT01100	Allele Biotech	100 RXNS	Ask for price

Allele-In-One Mouse Tail Direct Lysis Buffer
ABP-PP-MT01500	Allele Biotech	500 RXNS	Ask for price

Allele-In-One Mouse Tail Direct PCR Kit
ABP-PP-MT02100	Allele Biotech	100 RXNS	Ask for price

Allele-In-One Mouse Tail Direct PCR Kit
ABP-PP-MT02500	Allele Biotech	500 RXNS	Ask for price

Direct 2'3'-Cylic GAMP EIA Kit, (One Plate)
K067-H1	Arbor Assays	1x96 well plate	EUR 613.2

Direct RT-PCR Kit wi RealStart DNA Polymerase
FYT506-100P	Yeastern Biotech	100 Preps	Ask for price

Direct RT-PCR Kit wi RealStart DNA Polymerase
FYT506-50P	Yeastern Biotech	50 Preps;	Ask for price

Cyclic AMP Direct Chemiluminescent EIA kit (One Plate)
K019-C1	Arbor Assays	1x96 well plate	EUR 480

Cyclic AMP Direct Chemiluminescent EIA kit (Five Plate)
K019-C5	Arbor Assays	5x96 well plate	EUR 1765.2

Epigenase HDAC Activity/Inhibition Direct Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
P-4034-48	EpiGentek	48 Assays	EUR 259.6

Epigenase HDAC Activity/Inhibition Direct Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
P-4034-96	EpiGentek	96 Assays	EUR 475.2

Epigenase HDAC Activity/Inhibition Direct Assay Kit (Fluorometric)
P-4035-48	EpiGentek	48 Assays	EUR 259.6

Epigenase HDAC Activity/Inhibition Direct Assay Kit (Fluorometric)
P-4035-96	EpiGentek	96 Assays	EUR 486.2

Epigenase HDAC Activity/Inhibition Direct Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
P-4034	EpiGentek	EUR 719.46 EUR 259.60 EUR 475.20	96 Assays 48 Assays 96 Assays

Epigenase HDAC Activity/Inhibition Direct Assay Kit (Fluorometric)
P-4035	EpiGentek	EUR 736.86 EUR 259.60 EUR 486.20	96 Assays 48 Assays 96 Assays

Direct 2'3'-Cylic GAMP EIA Kit, (Five Plate)
K067-H5	Arbor Assays	5x96 well plate	EUR 2343.6

EpiQuik 8-OHdG DNA Damage Quantification Direct Kit (Colorimetric)
P-6003-48	EpiGentek	48 Assays	EUR 486.2

EpiQuik 8-OHdG DNA Damage Quantification Direct Kit (Colorimetric)
P-6003-96	EpiGentek	96 Assays	EUR 775.5

EpiQuik 8-OHdG DNA Damage Quantification Direct Kit (Fluorometric)
P-6004-48	EpiGentek	48 Assays	EUR 500.5

EpiQuik 8-OHdG DNA Damage Quantification Direct Kit (Fluorometric)
P-6004-96	EpiGentek	96 Assays	EUR 849.2

EpiQuik 8-OhG RNA Damage Quantification Direct Kit (Colorimetric)
P-6008-48	EpiGentek	48 Assays	EUR 452.1

EpiQuik 8-OhG RNA Damage Quantification Direct Kit (Colorimetric)
P-6008-96	EpiGentek	96 Assays	EUR 684.2

EpiQuik 8-OHdG DNA Damage Quantification Direct Kit (Colorimetric)
P-6003	EpiGentek	EUR 1137.06 EUR 486.20 EUR 775.50	96 Assays 48 Assays 96 Assays

EpiQuik 8-OHdG DNA Damage Quantification Direct Kit (Fluorometric)
P-6004	EpiGentek	EUR 1241.46 EUR 500.50 EUR 849.20	96 Assays 48 Assays 96 Assays

EpiQuik 8-OhG RNA Damage Quantification Direct Kit (Colorimetric)
P-6008	EpiGentek	EUR 452.10 EUR 684.20	48 Assays 96 Assays

Human Urokinase (uPA) Chromogenic AssaySense Activity Assay Kit (Direct Assay)
CU1001a	AssayPro	96 Well Plate	EUR 572.4