Systematic comparison and reconstruction of sea urchin (Echinoidea) internal anatomy: a novel approach using magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUNDTraditional comparative morphological analyses and subsequent three-dimensional reconstructions undergo from a quantity of drawbacks. This is especially evident within the case of mushy tissue research which can be technically demanding, time-consuming, and typically inclined to supply artefacts.

These issues can partly be overcome by using non-invasive, destruction-free imaging strategies, specifically micro-computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.RESULTSHere, we employed high-field magnetic resonance imaging strategies to collect quite a few information from members of a main marine invertebrate taxon, the sea urchins (Echinoidea).

For this mannequin examine, 13 of the 14 at the moment acknowledged high-ranking subtaxa (orders) of this group of animals have been analyzed. Based on the acquired datasets, interactive three-dimensional fashions have been assembled. Our analyses reveal that chosen mushy tissue characters may even be used for phylogenetic inferences in sea urchins, as exemplified by variations within the dimension and form of the gastric caecum discovered within the Irregularia.

CONCLUSIONSThe important focus of our investigation was to discover the likelihood to systematically visualize the internal anatomy of echinoids obtained from numerous museum collections.

We present that, in distinction to classical preparative procedures, magnetic resonance imaging may give fast, destruction-free entry to morphological information from quite a few specimens, thus extending the vary of strategies obtainable for comparative research of invertebrate morphology.

Cyclic GMP (Direct) ELISA
MBS494508-5x96Tests	MyBiosource	5x96Tests	EUR 3410

Cyclic GMP (Direct) ELISA
MBS494508-96Tests	MyBiosource	96Tests	EUR 740

Renin ELISA (Direct)
GWB-013014	GenWay Biotech	96 Tests	Ask for price

Amphetamine ELISA (Direct)
GWB-BQK179	GenWay Biotech	96 Well Plate	Ask for price

Barbiturates ELISA (Direct)
GWB-BQK17F	GenWay Biotech	96 Well Plate	Ask for price

Benzodiazepines ELISA (Direct)
GWB-BQK183	GenWay Biotech	96 Well Plate	Ask for price

Morphine Specific ELISA (Direct)
GWB-BQK186	GenWay Biotech	96 Well Plate	Ask for price

GWB-BQK0DA-96W - Cotinine Direct ELISA
GWB-BQK0DA-96W	Aviva Systems Biology	96Wells	EUR 359

Cocaine / Benzoylecgonine ELISA (Direct)
GWB-BQK11F	GenWay Biotech	96 Well Plate	Ask for price

Cyclic AMP Direct ELISA Kit (1 Plate)
K019-H1	Arbor Assays	1x96 well plate	EUR 431
Description: Cyclic AMP (cAMP) Direct ELISA / assay Kit

Cyclic AMP Direct ELISA Kit (5 Plate)
K019-H5	Arbor Assays	5x96 well plate	EUR 1723
Description: Cyclic AMP (cAMP) Direct ELISA / assay Kit

Cyclic GMP Direct ELISA Kit (1 Plate)
K020-H1	Arbor Assays	1x96 well plate	EUR 407

Cyclic GMP Direct ELISA Kit (5 Plate)
K020-H5	Arbor Assays	5x96 well plate	EUR 1593

OKAU00110-1PLATE - Cyclic AMP Direct ELISA Kit
OKAU00110-1PLATE	Aviva Systems Biology	1plate	EUR 400

OKAU00110-5PLATE - Cyclic AMP Direct ELISA Kit
OKAU00110-5PLATE	Aviva Systems Biology	5plate	EUR 1469

OKAU00111-1PLATE - Cyclic GMP Direct ELISA Kit
OKAU00111-1PLATE	Aviva Systems Biology	1plate	EUR 400

OKAU00111-5PLATE - Cyclic GMP Direct ELISA Kit
OKAU00111-5PLATE	Aviva Systems Biology	5plate	EUR 1569

Rat Direct Bilirubin,DBIL ELISA KIT
E2627Ra-1096T	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	10*96T	EUR 4122

Rat Direct Bilirubin,DBIL ELISA KIT
E2627Ra-48wells	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	48 wells	EUR 300

Rat Direct Bilirubin,DBIL ELISA KIT
E2627Ra-596T	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	5*96T	EUR 2061

Rat Direct Bilirubin,DBIL ELISA KIT
E2627Ra-96wells	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	96 wells	EUR 458

Rat Direct Bilirubin, DBIL ELISA Kit
MBS1607953-10x96StripWells	MyBiosource	10x96-Strip-Wells	EUR 3955

Rat Direct Bilirubin, DBIL ELISA Kit
MBS1607953-48StripWells	MyBiosource	48-Strip-Wells	EUR 305

Rat Direct Bilirubin, DBIL ELISA Kit
MBS1607953-5x96StripWells	MyBiosource	5x96-Strip-Wells	EUR 2005

Rat Direct Bilirubin, DBIL ELISA Kit
MBS1607953-96StripWells	MyBiosource	96-Strip-Wells	EUR 475

Rat Direct Bilirubin,DBIL ELISA KIT
JOT-EK2627Ra	Jotbody	96 wells	Ask for price
Description: Rat

Human Mumps IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7073	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Mumps IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7074	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Rubella IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7082	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Rubella IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7083	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

ANA IgG Screening ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7016	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Brucella IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7021	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Brucella IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7022	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Direct Red 80
TD0098-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Red 80

Direct Red 80
TD0098-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: Direct Red 80

Direct Red 80
TD0098-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Red 80

Direct Red 80
TD0098-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Red 80

Direct Red 80
TD0098-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Red 80

Direct Red 80
MBS5786703-1g	MyBiosource	1g	EUR 145

Direct Red 80
MBS5786703-5mg	MyBiosource	5(mg	EUR 145

Direct Red 80
MBS5786703-5x1g	MyBiosource	5x1g	EUR 500

Direct Red 80
MBS5786703-5x5mg	MyBiosource	5x5mg	EUR 500

Human Toxoplasma IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7099	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Toxoplasma IgA ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7100	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Toxoplasma IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7101	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human HSV-1 IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7058	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human HSV-1 IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7059	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human HSV-2 IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7060	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human HSV-2 IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7061	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Direct Blue 71
D494318	Toronto Research Chemicals	2.5g	EUR 68
Description: 4399-55-7

Direct WGA Kit
PCR-382L	Jena Bioscience GmbH	100reactions x 20 µl	EUR 566.6

Direct WGA Kit
PCR-382S	Jena Bioscience GmbH	20reactions x 20 µl	EUR 141.8

Direct Blue 1
T2194-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Blue 1

Direct Blue 1
T2194-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: Direct Blue 1

Direct Blue 1
T2194-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Blue 1

Direct Blue 1
T2194-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Blue 1

Direct Blue 1
T2194-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Blue 1

Human Cardiolipin IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7024	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Cardiolipin IgA ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7025	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Cardiolipin IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7026	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Direct Black 38
HY-D0256	MedChemExpress	100mg	EUR 129.6

Direct Green 6
T31526-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Green 6

Direct Green 6
T31526-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: Direct Green 6

Direct Green 6
T31526-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Green 6

Direct Green 6
T31526-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Green 6

Direct Green 6
T31526-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Green 6

Direct Black 38
T15135-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Black 38

Direct Black 38
T15135-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: Direct Black 38

Direct Black 38
T15135-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Black 38

Direct Black 38
T15135-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Black 38

Direct Black 38
T15135-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Black 38

Direct Green 6
MBS5781130-INQUIRE	MyBiosource	INQUIRE	Ask for price

Direct Black 38
MBS5754793-100mg	MyBiosource	100mg	EUR 145

Direct Black 38
MBS5754793-5x100mg	MyBiosource	5x100mg	EUR 500

Direct Violet 1
596135	MedKoo Biosciences	25.0g	EUR 230

Direct Yellow 26
464247	MedKoo Biosciences	10.0mg	Ask for price

Direct Yellow 11
D494828	Toronto Research Chemicals	10g	EUR 800
Description: 1325-37-7

Direct Violet 1
T20033-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Violet 1

Direct Violet 1
T20033-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: Direct Violet 1

Direct Violet 1
T20033-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Violet 1

Direct Violet 1
T20033-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Violet 1

Direct Violet 1
T20033-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: Direct Violet 1

Direct Violet 1
MBS5765613-100mg	MyBiosource	100mg	EUR 245

Direct Violet 1
MBS5765613-10mg	MyBiosource	10mg	EUR 145

Direct Violet 1
MBS5765613-200mg	MyBiosource	200mg	EUR 315

Direct Violet 1
MBS5765613-25mg	MyBiosource	25mg	EUR 165

Direct Violet 1
MBS5765613-50mg	MyBiosource	50mg	EUR 195

Direct Cyclic GMP (cGMP) ELISA Kit (1 Plate)
K065-H1	Arbor Assays	1x96 well plate	EUR 444
Description: Direct Cyclic GMP (cGMP) ELISA / assay Kit

Direct Cyclic GMP (cGMP) ELISA Kit (5 Plate)
K065-H5	Arbor Assays	5x96 well plate	EUR 1775
Description: Direct Cyclic GMP (cGMP) ELISA / assay Kit

Human Dengue Virus IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7045	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Dengue Virus IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7046	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Probe Direct SuperMix
abx461057-1096tests	Abbexa	10 × 96 tests	Ask for price

Probe Direct SuperMix
abx461057-596tests	Abbexa	5 × 96 tests	EUR 2800

Probe Direct SuperMix
abx461057-96tests	Abbexa	96 tests	EUR 812.5

Human Measles (Rubeola) IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7075	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Measles (Rubeola) IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7076	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Sm Autoantibody IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7088	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Chromogranin A (CgA) ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7034	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 825.6

Direct Saliva Melatonin
EK-DSM	Demeditec Diagnostics	96	EUR 545

C.I. direct red 80
464158	MedKoo Biosciences	10.0mg	Ask for price

Human SSA Autoantibody IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7085	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human SSB Autoantibody IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7086	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Salmonella Typhi IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7089	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Salmonella Typhi IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7090	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Thyroglobulin (TG) IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7091	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Direct qPCR ProbesMaster
PCR-396L	Jena Bioscience GmbH	10 x 1,25ml	EUR 694.8
Description: 2 x conc. master mix

Direct qPCR ProbesMaster
PCR-396S	Jena Bioscience GmbH	2 x 1,25ml	EUR 173.7
Description: 2 x conc. master mix

C.I. Direct Blue 2
596131	MedKoo Biosciences	25.0g	EUR 290

C.I. Direct Blue 2
T20031-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: C.I. Direct Blue 2

C.I. Direct Blue 2
T20031-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: C.I. Direct Blue 2

C.I. Direct Blue 2
T20031-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: C.I. Direct Blue 2

C.I. Direct Blue 2
T20031-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: C.I. Direct Blue 2

C.I. Direct Blue 2
T20031-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: C.I. Direct Blue 2

C.I. Direct Black 38
591456	MedKoo Biosciences	25.0g	EUR 270

CI Direct Brown 2
596132	MedKoo Biosciences	25.0g	EUR 330

C.I. Direct Black 17
596139	MedKoo Biosciences	1.0g	EUR 400

CI Direct Brown 2
T20032-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: CI Direct Brown 2

CI Direct Brown 2
T20032-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: CI Direct Brown 2

CI Direct Brown 2
T20032-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: CI Direct Brown 2

CI Direct Brown 2
T20032-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: CI Direct Brown 2

CI Direct Brown 2
T20032-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: CI Direct Brown 2

C.I. Direct Black 17
T20037-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: C.I. Direct Black 17

C.I. Direct Black 17
T20037-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: C.I. Direct Black 17

C.I. Direct Black 17
T20037-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: C.I. Direct Black 17

C.I. Direct Black 17
T20037-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: C.I. Direct Black 17

C.I. Direct Black 17
T20037-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: C.I. Direct Black 17

C.I. Direct Black 17
MBS5756307-1g	MyBiosource	1g	EUR 420

C.I. Direct Black 17
MBS5756307-5x1g	MyBiosource	5x1g	EUR 1730

Human Treponema Pallidum IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7095	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Treponema Pallidum IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7096	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7032	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM ELISA Kit (Direct EIA)
EK7033	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	EUR 573.6

Bilirubin - Direct Conjugated
MBS173260-100mg	MyBiosource	100mg	EUR 420

Bilirubin - Direct Conjugated
MBS173260-1g	MyBiosource	1g	EUR 675

Bilirubin - Direct Conjugated
MBS173260-25mg	MyBiosource	25mg	EUR 245

Bilirubin - Direct Conjugated
MBS173260-5x1g	MyBiosource	5x1g	EUR 2530

Direct Blood PCR Kit
MBPCR171-100R	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 267.52
Description: Direct Blood PCR Kit

Direct Blood PCR Kit
MBPCR171-10R	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 71.73
Description: Direct Blood PCR Kit

Direct Blood PCR Kit
E0950-01	EURx	100reactions	EUR 69.76
Description: Enables to perform PCR reactions directly from whole blood with no prior DNA extraction or purification

Direct Blood PCR Kit
E0950-02	EURx	500reactions	EUR 277.95
Description: Enables to perform PCR reactions directly from whole blood with no prior DNA extraction or purification

Direct Plant PCR Kit
E0960-01	EURx	100reactions	EUR 55.59
Description: Enables to perform PCR reactions directly from plants with no prior DNA extraction or purification

Direct Plant PCR Kit
E0960-02	EURx	500reactions	EUR 251.79
Description: Enables to perform PCR reactions directly from plants with no prior DNA extraction or purification

Plant Direct PCR Kit
PD105-01	Vazyme	50 rxn (50 μl/rxn)	EUR 202.8

Plant Direct PCR Kit
PD105-02	Vazyme	200 rxn (50 μl/rxn)	EUR 159.5